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Neem - The Divine Tree (video with transcript)

0:00:01.919,0:00:06.450
this is important. if a child takes this and doesn't get sick

0:00:06.450,0:00:10.450
for a year. can you imagine if you
give it to a hundred children

0:00:10.450,0:00:14.539
out of whom ten would otherwise die,
so i believe it's important

0:00:14.539,0:00:18.710
we have to sell this directly
to people because if you go through all

0:00:18.710,0:00:24.430
the scientific procedures it will take
fifteen or twenty years and everyone will be dead

0:00:24.430,0:00:28.869
we can't afford that so what we
have to do is cut the chain. we've proven

0:00:28.869,0:00:33.900
that the product isn't dangerous it can't
kill so we have to act fast and give it

0:00:33.900,0:00:35.080
to the children

0:00:35.080,0:00:39.210
now people are asking to buy it
for their homes saying that since they've

0:00:39.210,0:00:43.130
been using it they haven't had
malaria so what am i suppose to do fold my

0:00:43.130,0:00:46.990
arms and sit around and wait.

0:00:46.990,0:00:50.580
the plasmodium which is the parasite which causes malaria is transmitted to human blood by

0:00:50.580,0:00:51.889
the mosquito

0:00:51.889,0:00:55.339
if you have a way of preventing the
plasmodium from settling in the blood

0:00:55.339,0:00:58.760
then you pretty much have a way of
stopping the development of malaria

0:00:58.760,0:01:02.030
the evidence we have that it works, is that we conducted a medically

0:01:02.030,0:01:06.130
supervised trial in the neighborhood of
Pikine and the result was that during the entire

0:01:06.130,0:01:07.720
year there was no malaria

0:01:07.720,0:01:11.140
that was a very valuable experiment in
terms of using Neem

0:01:11.140,0:01:12.740
in Sengal

0:01:12.740,0:01:17.570
you want to try to cut the profits
of the multinationals how many companies

0:01:17.570,0:01:22.640
are there already in the US and france making
malaria drugs and how much money are they

0:01:22.640,0:01:26.990
bringing in. it's up to us to take responsibility
responsibility

0:01:26.990,0:01:28.909
South of Dakar

0:01:28.909,0:01:34.600
the town of Kaolack is locally known as
the mosquito capital of the world

0:01:34.600,0:01:40.000
Cheikh was inspired to begin his
own neem research after watching a TV

0:01:40.000,0:01:42.610
documentary about it's uses in india

0:01:42.610,0:01:46.600
fashion experimenting with himself and
his family he started booking his own

0:01:46.600,0:01:48.079
neem oil medicine

0:01:48.079,0:01:51.780
and giving free samples of the local
health centers

0:01:51.780,0:01:53.420


0:01:53.420,0:01:57.430
people are finding that the
malaria medicines they buy from the

0:01:57.430,0:02:00.180
chemist don't work.

0:02:00.180,0:02:02.930
you take them and you don't recover

0:02:02.930,0:02:06.649
but with Neem, automatically the malaria is under

0:02:06.649,0:02:10.209
control

0:02:10.209,0:02:13.700
although people locally have
started buying his medicine

0:02:13.700,0:02:17.919
Chiekh Bamba is not aiming to make a
profit from it of but all his research

0:02:17.919,0:02:22.900
gave him another idea to use the Neem oil he extracted to make his own brand

0:02:22.900,0:02:27.230
of soaps and skin creams which have
become popular around town and

0:02:27.230,0:02:31.519
allowed him and his family to
build a small but thriving business

0:02:31.519,0:02:35.549
which in turn allows him to keep the
price of the medicine to a minimum

0:02:35.549,0:02:40.859
it is not much but we've tried
to do what we can with an oil press

0:02:40.859,0:02:44.769
pestle and mortar and some
basic kitchen equipment

0:02:44.769,0:02:51.769
with that we started  extractng neem oil
little by little

0:02:51.939,0:02:56.559
on the outskirts of dakar we found
a small business beginning to invest in

0:02:56.559,0:02:58.639
its own neem research

0:02:58.639,0:03:05.639
funded from sales of organic fertilizers
insect repellents & cleaning products

0:03:06.039,0:03:06.889
all made from neem.

0:03:06.889,0:03:10.439
We at Chemiques couldn't just sit around

0:03:10.439,0:03:14.149
doing nothing for waiting for mana to fall
from the sky. The solution we

0:03:14.149,0:03:18.849
chose is to do what we can with our own money and manufacturer marketable products

0:03:18.849,0:03:20.760
that can provide us with our own resources

0:03:20.760,0:03:25.139
and develop our independent research

0:03:25.139,0:03:27.150


0:03:27.150,0:03:30.269
we have the natural resource, we
have the people with the intellectual

0:03:30.269,0:03:33.949
skills and technical training and we
have the people who can manufacture

0:03:33.949,0:03:40.349
products to international standards.

0:03:40.349,0:03:44.499
the obstacles we face are part of a
much larger global issues and if you

0:03:44.499,0:03:48.339
don't understand that, nothing will make
sense.

0:03:48.339,0:03:55.339
that's why we say 'we are neem militants'

0:03:57.309,0:03:59.309
The Mahatma ate chapatis,

0:03:59.309,0:04:00.430
boiled beets,

0:04:00.430,0:04:02.979
some raw vegetables, and oranges.

0:04:02.979,0:04:05.959
On the side of his plate was a large lump of very bitter

0:04:05.959,0:04:07.549
neem leaves,

0:04:07.549,0:04:09.559
a notable blood cleanser

0:04:09.559,0:04:14.349
With his spoon he separated a portion and placed it on my dish.

0:04:14.349,0:04:16.430
I bolted it down with water,

0:04:16.430,0:04:20.090
remembering childhood days when Mother had forced me to swallow the

0:04:20.090,0:04:21.690
disagreeable dose.

0:04:21.690,0:04:22.590
Gandhi, however,

0:04:22.590,0:04:26.819
bit by bit was eating the neem paste with as much relish as if it had been a delicious sweetmeat.

0:04:26.819,0:04:28.599
in this trifling incident

0:04:28.599,0:04:30.660
i noted the mahatma ability

0:04:30.660,0:04:37.240
to detach is his mind from the senses at
will.

0:04:37.240,0:04:41.009
Dr Raghunatha Rao of the institute of
nutrition in hyderabad

0:04:41.009,0:04:45.250
once Neem to be used everywhere that
mosquitoes breed such as overhead water

0:04:45.250,0:04:50.850
tanks and the standing water of rice
paddy fields. When the mosquitoes lay their

0:04:50.850,0:04:52.640
on the surface of the water

0:04:52.640,0:04:56.050
they come into contact with the neem concentration that is present in the

0:04:56.050,0:04:57.099
water medium.

0:04:57.099,0:05:01.579
When they come into the contact the neem
principles act as a growth retardent

0:05:01.579,0:05:05.739
and they will not allow the
mosquito larvae could grow into fully

0:05:05.739,0:05:07.820
grown adult so

0:05:07.820,0:05:10.870
before they attain the adult stage they will die

0:05:10.870,0:05:15.789
unless or until there is the adult stage they
cannot do go to the human beings they

0:05:15.789,0:05:17.310
cannot go to the pigs

0:05:17.310,0:05:19.039
to suck the blood.

0:05:19.039,0:05:21.819
in terms of uh... what we've just talked
about

0:05:21.819,0:05:23.100
neem inhibiting

0:05:23.100,0:05:24.740
mosquito larvae growth

0:05:24.740,0:05:28.649
what would you say are it's advantages over alternative methods for doing

0:05:28.649,0:05:30.690
the same thing? if you

0:05:30.690,0:05:34.650
promote pesticides for the control
of mosquito population particularly

0:05:34.650,0:05:38.630
in rice fields, you need to dump tons
of pesticides

0:05:38.630,0:05:39.630
in the environment

0:05:39.630,0:05:44.180
it damages the environment. so. nobody has
got right to damage the environment

0:05:44.180,0:05:49.899
we have to protecting the environment
so neem plays a major role.

0:05:49.899,0:05:54.090
At the moment neem pesticides only
account for 0.2%

0:05:54.090,0:05:58.520
of the total global pesticide industry
which is worth seventeen billion pounds

0:05:58.520,0:06:00.539
a year.

0:06:00.539,0:06:04.039
over the past decade name has become the
subject of controversy

0:06:04.039,0:06:08.819
it's all about if anyone should profit
from the tree and its unique properties

0:06:08.819,0:06:12.689
companies have the right to take up
patents on name, that amounts to them

0:06:12.689,0:06:15.309
stealing the knowledge of indigenous
people

0:06:15.309,0:06:19.529
the environmentalists doctor vandana
shiva campaigns on this issue

0:06:19.529,0:06:22.110
my consciousness about the Neem

0:06:22.110,0:06:24.899
really started when i started to look at
the

0:06:24.899,0:06:29.720
high cost of industrial agriculture and
i started to look at farming

0:06:29.720,0:06:34.630
and find out how dependent agriculture
remained on chemicals that were created

0:06:34.630,0:06:36.139
for war

0:06:36.139,0:06:40.649
then we had the Bhopal1984 2nd December night, killed three thousand

0:06:40.649,0:06:43.169
people in one night,

0:06:43.169,0:06:45.649
one pesticide plant leak.

0:06:45.649,0:06:50.800
my first response was why do we have to
have such genocide when

0:06:50.800,0:06:53.209
we have trees like the neem,

0:06:53.209,0:06:56.339
so i collected saplings

0:06:56.339,0:07:00.949
and went to Bhopal when we had a very big
convergence

0:07:00.949,0:07:03.519
all concerned citizens of india

0:07:03.519,0:07:07.619
started a campaign called 'No more Bhopals, plant a Neem'

0:07:07.619,0:07:11.789
in 1995 doctor Shiva
discovered that an american agro-chemical

0:07:11.789,0:07:13.280
company, W.R.Grace,

0:07:13.280,0:07:17.249
had taken out a patent on the fungicidal use of neem.

0:07:17.249,0:07:21.879
BBC- She decided to challenge their right to
do this at the european patent office

0:07:21.879,0:07:26.110
this landmark case was to last for ten
years and eventually doctor shiva's

0:07:26.110,0:07:27.509
team won.

0:07:27.509,0:07:29.149
Dr. Shiva: We wanted to

0:07:29.149,0:07:33.800
reveal what bio privacy is; this patenting of
traditional knowledge and indigenous

0:07:33.800,0:07:35.439
biodiversity.

0:07:35.439,0:07:39.240
We fought a patent that's held by the biggest super-power of the world and one of

0:07:39.240,0:07:41.580
the biggest chemical giants of the world

0:07:41.580,0:07:44.300
would be an effective patent to take on.

0:07:44.300,0:07:48.539
The claim they were making in it was
basically inventing

0:07:48.539,0:07:52.750
the use of neem products to control fungal diseases

0:07:52.750,0:07:56.440
inventing the way to make an extract, inventing  the percentages of extract

0:07:56.440,0:07:58.339
and we were able to establish

0:07:58.339,0:07:59.860
what has been claimed

0:07:59.860,0:08:02.490
by Grace and the US department of
agriculture

0:08:02.490,0:08:05.409
as a novel invented step, this is

0:08:05.409,0:08:09.729
everyday use.

0:08:09.729,0:08:12.729
BBC -This is the place where a lot of india's
patent laws

0:08:12.729,0:08:17.529
and up being argued over and sometimes
defeated; it's the supreme court

0:08:17.529,0:08:18.979
here in new delhi

0:08:18.979,0:08:24.119
Prashant Bhushan has fought in
many such cases

0:08:24.119,0:08:27.119
Do you think you can ever be justified
to have patents.

0:08:27.119,0:08:31.729
uh... on any application what so ever on
biological life forms?

0:08:31.729,0:08:36.840
Dr. Bhushan: No. In fact i feel that there is no
justification to have patents at all

0:08:36.840,0:08:40.630
and certainly not for life forms
BBC: What's wrong with patents?

0:08:40.630,0:08:44.420
Bhushan: I feel that giving a monopoly right
to a person just because he got there

0:08:44.420,0:08:45.280
first

0:08:45.280,0:08:51.420
it's not morally justified it's not even
justified in terms of expedience because

0:08:51.420,0:08:54.430
justification which is normally given
for this is that it will encourage

0:08:54.430,0:08:58.200
research and development and private
companies and put in more money if they

0:08:58.200,0:08:59.640
can profit from it

0:08:59.640,0:09:04.630
but in fact most of the basic research
that has been done in the world so far

0:09:04.630,0:09:09.590
on anything has been done in publicly
funded institutions and therefore I see

0:09:09.590,0:09:14.090
no reason why private monopoly
rights for profit should be created on

0:09:14.090,0:09:16.580
the basis of intellectual property

0:09:16.580,0:09:23.310
i feel that we are creating a society
based on greed when we allow and

0:09:23.310,0:09:26.170
encourage these kind of intellectual
property rights

Neem - A Tree For Solving Global Problems (video with transcript)

0:00:00.370,0:00:06.880
the indian Neem tree

0:00:06.880,0:00:10.339
neem trees thrive in poor dry regions

0:00:10.339,0:00:15.299
building new soil where overgrazing and
deforestation have ruined the land

0:00:15.299,0:00:19.269
the tree is now widely planted in
damaged areas

0:00:19.269,0:00:20.939
the ayurveda

0:00:20.939,0:00:26.079
india's ancient folk medicine prescribes
neem for a range of disorders such as

0:00:26.079,0:00:27.699
skin infection

0:00:27.699,0:00:29.380
parasites and fevers

0:00:29.380,0:00:31.689
twigs are sold for tooth sticks

0:00:31.689,0:00:34.930
natural tooth brushes used throughout
southeast asia

0:00:34.930,0:00:36.209
there many kinds

0:00:36.209,0:00:41.600
but neem is the best for dental health
this toothpaste factory near stuttgart

0:00:41.600,0:00:43.430
is one of three in the area

0:00:43.430,0:00:45.920
using the neem as an ingredient

0:00:45.920,0:00:49.020
production is high and its invaluable to
farmers

0:00:49.020,0:00:53.260
as a fertilizer it's more powerful
than farmyard manure

0:00:53.260,0:00:56.130
and it keeps insect predators at bay

0:00:56.130,0:00:58.180
added to cattle feed

0:00:58.180,0:01:02.600
neem cake provides extra nutrition in
famine times

0:01:02.600,0:01:04.369
and helps to treat intestinal parasites

0:01:04.369,0:01:06.760
in the household and the granary

0:01:06.760,0:01:10.460
Neem has long been used as an insect
repellent

0:01:10.460,0:01:14.630
leaves spread between clothes and
blankets keep moths away

0:01:14.630,0:01:19.770
leaves or oil mixed with grain keep
it insect free during months of storage

0:01:19.770,0:01:23.710
the unique power of the neem tree
immediately protecting the cabbage from

0:01:23.710,0:01:27.680
the attacks of its insects predators.
They may be present

0:01:27.680,0:01:29.270
and they may be hungry

0:01:29.270,0:01:31.830
but they don't eat

0:01:31.830,0:01:35.070
that's Neem's anti-feedant effect

0:01:35.070,0:01:38.180
is there any possibility that it's toxic to human beings

0:01:38.180,0:01:41.670
the beauty of this is it's remarkable
specificity for insects

0:01:41.670,0:01:44.300
it has no toxicological significance

0:01:44.300,0:01:45.960
for humans or

0:01:45.960,0:01:47.540
most forms of

0:01:47.540,0:01:50.350
of wildlife, birds, fish

0:01:50.350,0:01:53.340
how broad spectrum of insects does it act on

0:01:53.340,0:01:55.509
actually it's very good in that regard

0:01:55.509,0:01:59.009
The US Department of Agriculture has tested
over two hundred species of pest insects

0:01:59.009,0:02:02.990
over ninety percent of which
responded in one manner or another.

0:02:02.990,0:02:07.260
That's remarkable! The Neem is effective
against fungal infections

0:02:07.260,0:02:08.879
parasites and bacteria

0:02:08.879,0:02:14.159
and in the battle against malaria. In
preventing Chagas disease

0:02:14.159,0:02:19.149
Neem saves lives.

0:02:19.149,0:02:20.579
We created practically a sensation

0:02:20.579,0:02:21.829
because we are looking

0:02:21.829,0:02:24.209
at Neem derivatives as substitutes for

0:02:24.209,0:02:27.909
the synthetic pesticides

0:02:27.909,0:02:28.330
synthetic pesticides

0:02:28.330,0:02:30.229
are weapons of mass destruction

0:02:30.229,0:02:33.139
killing all the insects around whether harmful or not

0:02:33.139,0:02:38.189
and threatening other forms of life, including us

0:02:38.189,0:02:40.039
residues contaminate soil and water ways

0:02:40.039,0:02:41.779
and their on our food

0:02:41.779,0:02:42.979
the Neem we've tested

0:02:42.979,0:02:47.019
has been every bit as good as even the best conventional pesticides

0:02:47.019,0:02:50.909
it's quite crazy to go around destroying
our forests

0:02:50.909,0:02:57.039
in the way that we do

0:02:57.039,0:03:01.529
scientists are using the vast range of
modern analytic technology

0:03:01.529,0:03:03.659
to take the neem tree apart

0:03:03.659,0:03:04.979
individual compounds

0:03:04.979,0:03:07.699
can be synthesized and mass-produce

0:03:07.699,0:03:11.610
for the global pesticides market. people
who live with the Neem Tree

0:03:11.610,0:03:15.779
could profit from an international market
that cut them out

0:03:15.779,0:03:20.779
particularly the pesticide industry. The farmer can easily make extract

0:03:20.779,0:03:23.609
and apply it to the field

0:03:23.609,0:03:28.749
with out worrying about having to identify the active ingredients

0:03:28.749,0:03:29.489
products used

0:03:29.489,0:03:32.519
for millennia by third world countries,

0:03:32.519,0:03:35.629
end up profiting first-world
corporations

0:03:35.629,0:03:37.819
they own the plantations

0:03:37.819,0:03:39.540
control of distribution

0:03:39.540,0:03:41.979
or these days may even have a

0:03:41.979,0:03:48.979
patent on the active molecule

0:03:54.409,0:03:58.229
GAT was drawing in intellectual property
rights and patents in to a world trading

0:03:58.229,0:03:59.569
system

0:03:59.569,0:04:02.049
and that's when decided this is what i must work on

0:04:02.049,0:04:04.290
because it was really about the most

0:04:04.290,0:04:08.019
fundamental fabric of our moral existence
existence

0:04:08.019,0:04:09.609
over the past decade

0:04:09.609,0:04:11.119
we have been

0:04:11.119,0:04:12.899
gaining ground

0:04:12.899,0:04:15.519
and when i say we i mean ordinary people

0:04:15.519,0:04:17.370
committed to the welfare

0:04:17.370,0:04:19.030
of all of humanity

0:04:19.030,0:04:23.059
all people irrespective of gender and
class and race and religion

0:04:23.059,0:04:25.229
all species on the planet

0:04:25.229,0:04:28.989
we managed to take the biggest
government and one of the largest

0:04:28.989,0:04:30.739
chemical companies

0:04:30.739,0:04:31.550
to court

0:04:31.550,0:04:32.950
on the case of Neem

0:04:32.950,0:04:37.099
and win a case against them

0:04:37.099,0:04:40.989
W R Grace and the U S government's patent
on Neem was revoked by a case we

0:04:40.989,0:04:44.699
brought along with the greens of
european parliament and the international

0:04:44.699,0:04:47.289
organic agriculture movement

0:04:47.289,0:04:48.050
we won because we worked together